The problems, the threatened species and the solutions South Africa has an extraordinary coastline, stretching along the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Our beaches, rocky shores, estuaries and offshore waters support an enormous variety of marine life. These ecosystems provide food, employment, tourism opportunities and natural protection for coastal communities. However, our marine environment faces increasing pressure from human activities and climate change. South Africa's Na

The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), once a common sight along the southern African coastline, is now facing what conservationists increasingly describe as a fight for survival.

The Galjoen’s ability to survive in challenging conditions mirrors the resilience of the South African people. It’s also a biological indicator, meaning its health and numbers tell us a great deal about the state of our coastal ecosystems.